Markings on a pallet: What do they mean? An Extended Guide

In logistics, pallets play a big role in moving goods smoothly across the globe. There are markings on pallets to inform the people about the pallet type and more. However, the symbols and codes on them can be confusing. Knowing what these markings mean isn’t just for experts it’s also useful for anyone shipping, receiving, or even reusing pallets for personal projects.

In this guide, we’ll explain these markings to help you understand them better and make smarter decisions for your shipments.

By Lucas Bonavita
December 13, 2024 • 15 min read

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Why are there markings on pallets, Why are they important?

Pallet markings serve as a universal language, conveying crucial information about the pallet’s origin, treatment, and suitability for specific uses (mostly shipping purposes). They ensure compliance with international regulations, prevent the spread of pests and diseases, and indicate ownership.

For businesses, these markings are vital for smooth customs clearance and maintaining supply chain integrity.

For individuals, especially DIY enthusiasts, knowing these symbols can safeguard against using chemically treated or unsafe pallets.

How many types of markings are there and what are they?

Pallets can feature a variety of markings, each serving a unique purpose. The primary types include:

ISPM 15 Markings: Indicate compliance with international phytosanitary standards.
Manufacturer’s Marks or Branding: Show the pallet’s producer and sometimes its ownership.
Load Capacity Markings: Specify the maximum weight the pallet can safely carry.
License Numbers: Unique identifiers assigned to manufacturers or treatment providers.
Quality Grade Markings: Reflect the pallet’s condition and suitability for reuse.
QR Codes and Digital Markings: Provide traceability and additional data via technology.
Environmental Markings: Highlight sustainable or recycled materials.
Industry-Specific Markings: Tailored symbols for sectors like chemicals or pharmaceuticals.
Colored Pallets: Visual indicators of ownership or specific uses.

ISPM 15 Markings

The International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures No. 15 (ISPM 15) is a guideline developed to prevent the international transport and spread of diseases and insects that could negatively affect plants or ecosystems. Pallets used in international shipping must comply with these standards.

IPPC Symbol

At the heart of ISPM 15 compliance is the IPPC (International Plant Protection Convention) symbol, depicted as a stylized wheat ear within a rectangle.

This mark certifies that the pallet meets international phytosanitary standards and is safe for cross-border movement.

Country Code

Adjacent to the IPPC symbol, you’ll find a two-letter ISO country code indicating where the pallet was treated. For instance, “DE” for Germany or “FR” for France. Click here to check the ISO codes.

Treatment Codes

These codes reveal the method used to treat the wood, ensuring it’s free from pests.

HT: Heat Treatment Stamp (check the image below for it)
- “HT” means the pallet was heat-treated, heated to a minimum core temperature of 56°C for at least 30 minutes. This chemical-free process eradicates pests and is widely accepted internationally.
MB: Methyl Bromide Stamp
- “MB” indicates fumigation with methyl bromide, a toxic pesticide. Due to health and environmental concerns, this treatment is banned in many countries, including those in Europe. Avoid using pallets marked with “MB.”
DB: Debarked Stamp
- “DB” signifies that the wood was debarked before treatment. While not a treatment itself, debarking is part of the preparation process.
KD: Kiln Dried Stamp
- “KD” means the wood was kiln-dried to reduce moisture content, preventing warping and fungal growth. Unless specified as “KD-HT,” kiln drying doesn’t always meet ISPM 15 standards.
CP (Chemical Pallet) Stamp
- “CP” followed by a number (e.g., CP1, CP2) denotes pallets designed for the chemical industry, adhering to specific sizes and standards.
VMF Pallets:
- VMF markings indicate compliance with standards set by specific national organizations, ensuring quality and safety.

Manufacturer’s Marks or Branding

These markings provide traceability and indicate ownership.

Company Logo

A company’s logo may be stamped on the pallet, especially if it’s part of a pallet pooling system. This denotes ownership and should be respected to avoid legal issues.

Serial Numbers or Batch Codes

Serial numbers help in tracking and quality control, identifying when and where the pallet was produced.

Load Capacity Markings

These symbols or numbers specify the maximum load the pallet can carry. Adhering to these limits is crucial for safety and maintaining the integrity of goods during transport.

License Number

A unique identifier is assigned to the manufacturer or treatment provider by the national plant protection organization, ensuring accountability.

Registration number of the responsible Plant Protection Authority

This number indicates which authority certified the pallet’s compliance, adding an extra layer of trust.

Quality Grade Markings

Grades classify pallets based on their condition:
Grade A: New or like-new condition.
Grade B: Used but in good condition with minor repairs.
Grade C: Heavily used, may require significant repairs.

QR Codes and Digital Markings

Modern pallets may feature QR codes or RFID tags, enabling digital tracking and providing instant access to detailed information about the pallet’s history and specifications.

Environmental Markings on Pallets

Symbols indicating that a pallet is made from sustainable sources or recycled materials align with eco-friendly practices.

Quicargo enhances these efforts by operating a 100% digital platform, enabling faster communication and greener operations. By optimizing empty truck space, Quicargo minimizes carbon footprints, contributing to more sustainable logistics solutions.

Industry Specific Pallet Markings

Certain industries require specific pallet standards, such as those for pharmaceuticals or food, which may have additional markings to indicate compliance.

EPAL Stamp/Marking

The EPAL mark signifies that the pallet meets the stringent standards set by the European Pallet Association. EPAL pallets are widely used across Europe for their reliability and quality. Learn more here.

PRL Stamp/Marking

The PRL (Pallet Return Logistics) stamp indicates a pallet is part of a rental or pooling system, designed for efficient return and reuse within specific supply chains.

Repair marking nail

Repaired pallets often have a nail or staple with a marking to indicate they’ve been refurbished according to industry standards, ensuring they remain safe and functional.

Heat Treatment (HT) vs. Methyl Bromide (MB): What’s the Difference?

Understanding the distinction between HT and MB is crucial. Heat treatment is a physical process using high temperatures to eliminate pests without chemicals, making it environmentally friendly and safe for handling.

Methyl bromide fumigation involves a potent pesticide harmful to humans and the ozone layer.

Due to these risks, MB-treated pallets are prohibited in many countries. Always opt for HT-marked pallets for safety and compliance.

Colored pallets

Colored pallets are not just aesthetically different; they often signify ownership or specific uses within supply chains

Blue Pallets

Blue pallets are typically owned by CHEP, a global supply chain company. They’re used in pooling systems and remain the property of CHEP.

Red Pallets

Red pallets belong to LPR (La Palette Rouge), prominent in the European market. They’re part of a rental system and are maintained to high standards.

Yellow Pallets

Yellow pallets may indicate ownership by certain companies or be used within specific industries. Always check for additional markings to determine their purpose.

Green Pallets

Green pallets often denote eco-friendly materials or practices, such as using recycled wood or sustainable manufacturing processes.

Black Pallets

Black pallets are usually designated for heavy-duty industrial use, built to carry heavier loads and withstand harsher conditions.

Pallets Without Stamps or Markings

Unmarked pallets are generally used for domestic transport and may not comply with international standards. They may not have undergone any treatment, posing potential risks for pest infestation or chemical exposure. For international shipping or projects involving direct human contact, it’s advisable to avoid unmarked pallets.

How should the markings be on Pallets?

Markings should be durable, clear, and easy to read. They’re typically applied using indelible ink, branding, or stamping methods. Legibility ensures quick identification and compliance during inspections, reducing delays and misunderstandings in the supply chain.

How to Tell if Pallets Are Treated?

Examine the pallet for the ISPM 15 stamp and look for the treatment code, such as “HT” or “MB”. The absence of these markings likely means the pallet hasn’t been treated according to international standards, making it unsuitable for international shipping and potentially unsafe for reuse.

Are unmarked pallets treated?

Unmarked pallets are unlikely to have been treated under ISPM 15 guidelines. They might be safe for local use but are not recommended for applications where treatment is essential, such as international shipping or furniture making.

Are euro pallets chemically treated?

Euro pallets, especially those marked with EPAL, are not chemically treated. They undergo heat treatment, aligning with European regulations that prioritize safety and environmental considerations.

Pallet Organizations in the World

Pallet organizations play a crucial role in standardizing and regulating pallet production and usage across industries. They ensure compliance with safety, quality, and environmental standards, supporting efficient and sustainable global trade logistics.

EU:
- EPAL (European Pallet Association)
- UIC Pallet System (International Union of Railways)
UK:
- Timcon (Timber Packaging and Pallet Confederation)
USA:
- NWPCA (National Wooden Pallet and Container Association)
- USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) for ISPM-15 regulations
- ANSI (American National Standards Institute) for pallet standards
  International:
- ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
- ISPM-15 (International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures)
- IPPC (International Plant Protection Convention)
- UIC (International Union of Railways)
- FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations)

Tips for Identifying Reliable and Safe Pallets

Check for ISPM 15 Markings: Ensure the pallet is stamped with the IPPC symbol and appropriate treatment code.
Avoid “MB” Markings: Due to health risks, steer clear of pallets treated with methyl bromide.
Inspect Physical Condition: Look for signs of damage, contamination, or excessive wear.
Verify Ownership: Be cautious with colored pallets or those bearing company logos—they may be part of a rental system.
Consider the Source: Obtain pallets from reputable suppliers who comply with regulations.

Ready to Ship Pallets? We’ve got you covered!

Navigating pallet regulations can be complex, but shipping doesn’t have to be. Learn more about pallet shipping with Quicargo, or start shipping today. Our expertise ensures your goods move safely and efficiently across Europe.